[Korean Grammar] 에 의하면 Expressing Citations and Quotations

가: 요즘 학교 앞 식당들이 다 커피숍으로 바뀐 거 알아요?
가: Did you notice that all of the restaurants near the school have recently changed to coffee shops?
나: 네, 이젠 식당보다 커피숍이 더 많은 것 같더라고요. 커피 회사 조사에 의하면 작년에 우리나라 성인 한 사람이 1년 동안 커피를 평균 312잔이나 마셨다고 해요.
나: Yeah, it seems that now there are more coffee shops than restaurants. According to a survey of coffee companies, last year, Korean adults drank an average of 312 cups of coffee per capita.
가: 그래요? 정말 많이 마시는군요. 이렇게 커피를 많이 들 마시면 차를 마시는 사람들은 많이 줄었겠어요.
가: Really? There sure are a lot of coffee drinkers now. If there are so many coffee drinkers, then I bet the number of tea drinkers has dropped a lot.
나: 네, 어제 뉴스에 의하면 녹차 소비량은 3년 전보다 50%나 줄었다더군요.
나: Yeah, according to the news yesterday, green tea consumption has dropped 50% compared to three years ago.


This expression is used to indicate the grounds or basis for some statement of fact, and in many cases it refers to news media or a similar scarce of information. Accordingly, a citation or quotation often appears in the following clause. It can be replaced with the expression 에 따르면 and is mostly used in formal situations.

• 세계 보건 기구의 발표에 의하면 간접흡연으로 매년 60만 명이 사망한다고 한다.
According to a World Health Organization report, 600,000 people die annually from secondhand smoke.

• 한 실험 결과에 의하면 김치는 혈관 질환을 예방하는 효과가 있다고 한다.
According to one study’s results, kimchi has the effect of preventing cardiovascular disease.

See also  [Korean grammar] -ㄴ끝에/ 은 끝에 Expressing Results and Retrospection

• 김수현 의원이 제출한 자료에 따르면 지방에 사는 다문화 가정 아이들의 고등학교 진학률은 45%에 불과하다.
Based on the materials submitted by Congress member Kim Suhyeon, the high school entrance rate of children of multicultural families living in rural areas is only 45%.

This expression is always used in the present tense. Even if the time when the information was heard or seen is in the past, sentences using this expression must end in the present tense.
• 뉴스 보도에 의하면 그 사고로 많은 사람들이 죽었다고 했다. (X)
-> 뉴스 보도에 의하면 그 사고로 많은 사람들이 죽었다고 한다. (〇)

>> You can click on the title of each grammar below to see other grammars which also express ‘Citations and Quotations’

1. 보고
2. -(느)ㄴ다니까
3. -(느)ㄴ다면서 
4. 에 의하면

>> Full of ‘Korean grammar in use – Advanced’: Click here
>> Full of ‘Korean grammar in use – Intermediate’: Click here

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