[Korean grammar] -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 Expressing Additional Information

가: 여행 어땠어?
How was your trip?
나: 날씨가 쌀쌀한 데다가 비까지 많이 와서 호텔에만 있어서 재미없었어.
Not only was it chilly, but it also rained a lot, so I was bored just staying inside the hotel.

가: 왜 그렇게 전화를 한참 동안 안 받아요?
Why did it take you so long to pick up the phone?
나: 물이 끓는 데다가 갑자기 누가 찾아와서 못 받았어요.
The water was boiling, and moreover, I had a visitor, so I couldn’t answer it.

This expression indicates that the action or state in the following clause occurs in addition to that stated in the preceding clause. The form -(으)ㄴ/는 데다 can also be used.

가: 지금 서울백화점에 가려고 하는데 같이 갈래요?
I’m about to go to Seoul Department Store. Would you like to go, too?
나: 그 백화점은 값이 비싼 데다가 질도 별로 안 좋아서 저는 거의 안 가요.
Not only are the prices at that department store high, but the quality (of the products) is also not very good, so I rarely go there.

가: 아이들에게 주려고 하는데 어떤 생선이 좋을까요?
I plan to give this to my kids, so which type of fish is good?
나: 이 생선이 뼈가 많이 없는 데다가 살도 부드러워서 아이들이 먹기에 좋아요.
This fish doesn’t have many bones, and moreover, it’s tender, so kids generally like it.

가: 자야 씨, 오늘 많이 피곤해 보여요.
Jaya, you look really tired today.
나: 네, 어젯밤에 잠을 못 잔 데다 요즘 일도 많아서 너무 피곤해요.
Yeah, on top of not sleeping last night, I’ve also got so much work to do these days, so I’m really tired.

1. This expression requires that the subjects of the preceding and following clauses be the same. Moreover, both of the clauses must be related and be able to be connected by 그래서 or 그러니까 to state a conclusion.
• 제 방은 작은 데다가 창문도 없어요. (그래서) 너무 답답해요.
->제 방은 작은 데다가 창문도 없어서 너무 답답해요.
• 제 방은 작은 데다가 창문도 없어요. (그러니까) 너무 답답해요,
->제 방은 작은 데다가 창문도 없으니까 너무 답답해요.

2. When used with a noun, 에다가 is used to indicate the addition of a noun in the following clause to that mentioned in the first clause, as if making a list， it can also be used to indicate the location in which something is done or placed.
• 요즘 집안일에다가 회사 일까지 겹쳐서 힘들어 즉겠어요.
These days, I’m so busy due to the combination of housework and company work,

• 이 종이에다가 이름과 이메일 주소를 써 주시기 바랍니다.
Please write your name and email address on this paper