[Korean grammar] V-아/어 있다 Expressions of State

선생님이 서 있어요.
The teacher is standing.
학생들이 앉아 있어요.
The students are sitting.

환자들이 병원에 누워 있어요.
The patients are lying down in the hospital.

우산에 이름이 써 있어요.
His name is written on the umbrella.

Grammar Focus:
-아/어 있다 expresses a continuing state of a completed action and corresponds to ‘is -ed/-ing’ in English. It is often used with passive verbs, such as 열리다 (to be opened), 닫히다 (to be closed), 켜지다 (to be turned on), 꺼지다 (to be turned off), 떨어지다 (to be dropped), and 놓이다 (to be put, to be placed).

Conversation:
A: 지갑을 잃어버렸어요. I’ve lost my wallet.
B: 어떻게 해요? 지갑 안에 뭐가 들어 있었어요?
What will you do? Was there anything inside it?
A: 돈하고 카드가 들어 있었어요.
My money and cards were inside.

A: 하숙집을 어떻게 찾았어요?
How did you find your boarding house?
B: 학교 앞에 광고가 붙어 있었어요.
There was an advertisement put up in front of the school.

A: 왜 식당에 안 들어가요?
Why don’t you go inside the restaurant?
B: 문이 닫혀 있어요.
It’s closed.

Notes:
1. For verbs meaning ‘to put on’ or ‘to wear’, such as 입다, 신다, and 쓰다, -고 있다 is added to the stem to form 입고 있다, 신고 있다 and 쓰고 있다 instead of 입어 있다, 신어 있다 and 써 있다.
• 우리 동생은 코트를 입어 있어요. (X)
->코트를 입고 있어요. (〇) (I) am wearing a coat.

운동화를 신어 있어요. (X)
->운동화를 신고 있어요. (〇)

모자를 써 있어요. (X)
->모자를 쓰고 있어요. (〇)

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가방을 들어 있어요. (X)
->가방을 들고 있어요 (〇)

넥타이를 매 있어요. (X)
->넥타이를 매고 있어요. (〇)

2. -아/어 있다 is used only with verbs that do not require a direct object.
• 창문을 열었어요. 그래서 창문이 열려 있어요. (〇)
I opened the window. Therefore, the window is open.

• 창문을 열어 있어요. (X)

Comparison:

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